sukhairul – Blog Kejuruteraan, Automotif, Penjualan dan Pemasaran

BYD YangWang U8L — Mendefinisikan Semula Keselamatan Dunia Sebenar

Ujian keselamatan kini bergerak melangkaui simulasi.
Sambil NCAP terus maju dengan sensor dan model manusia yang semakin tepat, BYD mengambil pendekatan dunia sebenar yang lebih berani melalui YangWang U8L.

Ujian jatuhan pokok palma — tiga hentaman langsung, tiada retakan pada cermin.

Ia mungkin tidak konvensional, tetapi mesejnya jelas: ketahanan di dunia sebenar sama pentingnya dengan ketepatan ujian makmal terkawal.

Struktur badan U8L yang amat kukuh menunjukkan bagaimana pengeluar automotif mula meluaskan definisi sebenar ujian keselamatan.

Satu demonstrasi dramatik.
Satu keyakinan kejuruteraan.

𝗕𝗬𝗗 𝗕𝗹𝗮𝗱𝗲 𝗕𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘆 — Penanda Aras Baharu untuk Keselamatan EV 🚗⚡

Apakah yang menentukan satu kejayaan besar dalam teknologi bateri EV?

Keselamatan? Ketahanan? Kecekapan?
𝗕𝗬𝗗 𝗕𝗹𝗮𝗱𝗲 𝗕𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘆 menguasai kesemuanya.

🔺 Lulus ujian penembusan paku — Tiada asap, tiada api, tiada ‘thermal runaway’.
🔺 Bertahan dihimpit trak 50 tan — Tiada ubah bentuk. Tiada kompromi.
🔺 Ketumpatan tenaga lebih tinggi, jangka hayat lebih panjang — Lebih pintar, lebih lestari.

Tidak seperti pek bateri litium-ion konvensional, teknologi Blade Battery mengurangkan risiko kebakaran, meningkatkan ketahanan, dan mentakrif semula standard keselamatan untuk kenderaan elektrik.

Jika bateri ialah ‘jantung’ sesebuah EV, mengapa berpuas hati dengan sesuatu yang kurang daripada yang terkuat?

BYD BYD India Private Limited

📸 via https://lnkd.in/g9zQh4vx

🤩 https://lnkd.in/gQ5T8ih8

𝐓𝐨𝐩-𝐑𝐚𝐧𝐤𝐞𝐝 𝐂𝐚𝐫 𝐁𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐑𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟒 🚗
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𝗨.𝗦. 𝗔𝘂𝘁𝗼 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗸𝗲𝘁 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟰: 𝗔 𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗲𝗲-𝗪𝗮𝘆 𝗕𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗹𝗲! 🚗 📊
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𝐆𝐥𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐥 𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐲 🌍
𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗸𝗲𝘁 𝗖𝗮𝗽: 💵💲
• 𝗕𝗬𝗗: $𝟭𝟬𝟳𝗕 🚗⚡
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𝗕𝗬𝗗 𝗗𝗲𝗻𝘇𝗮 𝗭𝟵 𝗚𝗧 – 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝘂𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗢𝗳 𝗔𝘂𝘁𝗼𝗺𝗼𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗜𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘂𝗶𝘁𝘆 🚗🔋
https://lnkd.in/gqnYBmS3

𝗕𝗬𝗗 𝗬𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘄𝗮𝗻𝗴 𝗨𝟵: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗩 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗗𝗼𝗲𝘀𝗻’𝘁 𝗝𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝗗𝗿𝗶𝘃𝗲 — 𝗜𝘁 𝗝𝘂𝗺𝗽𝘀! 🏎️💨
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𝐁𝐘𝐃 𝐔𝟖: 𝐖𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐈𝐧𝐧𝐨𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐌𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐬 𝐀𝐝𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 🌊 🚙
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𝐀𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐃𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 | 𝐀𝐃𝐀𝐒 🚘 📸
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𝐀𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐃𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 | 𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐀𝐃𝐀𝐒 𝐋𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐂𝐚𝐫 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐝 🚘 📸
https://lnkd.in/gKgDgJn9

𝐁𝐘𝐃 𝐘𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐰𝐚𝐧𝐠 𝐔𝟖 | 𝐔𝐣𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐊𝐞𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐚𝐚𝐧 𝐉𝐞𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐠 & 𝐏𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢 🌊🚙

Bagaimana cara menyelamatkan diri ketika berlaku banjir kecemasan? 🤔

YangWang U8 ada jawapannya 🎯

🔺 Pilihan ini direka khas untuk situasi banjir kecemasan, di mana YangWang U8 mampu terapung sehingga 30 minit dan bergerak pada kelajuan sehingga 3 km/j.

🔺 Bukan itu sahaja, ia juga boleh melakukan tank turn dan masih boleh dikawal menggunakan tayar seperti biasa. Apabila mod ini diaktifkan, bumbung matahari akan terbuka secara automatik sebagai laluan keluar kecemasan untuk penumpang. Selepas digunakan, kenderaan perlu dihantar ke pusat servis.

𝟏𝟏𝟖𝟎 HP BYD YANGWANG U8 360° TURN 🔥

◾ SUV Paling Berkuasa di Dunia 😎

⚡ SUV off-road YangWang U8 menjadi tumpuan apabila ia menunjukkan kemampuan untuk membuat pusingan 360°, terapung di atas air, memecut 0-100 km/j dalam 3.6 saat, dan had laju ditetapkan kepada 200 km/j.

⚡ Enjin petrol 2.0L 4-silinder turbo bersama tangki bahan api 75L akan mengecas bateri untuk jarak perjalanan sehingga 621 batu (1000 km).

⚡ Setiap daripada empat motor menghasilkan 295 bhp sendiri, menjadikan jumlah kuasa sistem menakjubkan iaitu 1,180 bhp (880 kW) dan tork 1,280 Nm.

⚡ Bateri kereta boleh dicas dari 30% hingga 80% dalam masa 5 minit. Selain itu, kenderaan ini dilengkapi dengan 38 sensor, termasuk 3 lidar, 5 radar MW, 14 radar ultrasonik, dan 16 kamera, memberikan tahap keselamatan dan kawalan yang canggih.

ETAC Training on Accreditation Report Writing: Do’s and Don’ts

What you need to do to get your Professional Engineer (Ir) certification in Malaysia?

To become a Professional Engineer (Ir.) in Malaysia, you need to go through a structured process under the Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM). Below is a clear, step-by-step guide to help you understand the full pathway:

🧭 1. Meet the Basic Requirements

You must first ensure that you are eligible to register as a Graduate Engineer.

✅ Requirements:

Hold an accredited engineering degree from a program recognized by BEM / EAC (Engineering Accreditation Council).
(If your degree is from overseas, check if it’s listed under the Washington Accord or apply for assessment by BEM.)
Be a Malaysian citizen or a permanent resident.

📋 Action:

Register online at BEM’s website.
You’ll receive a Graduate Engineer (GE) registration number.

🧱 2. Gain Practical Experience

Once registered as a Graduate Engineer, you must gain relevant engineering experience before applying for Professional Assessment.

⏱ Duration:

Minimum 3 years of practical engineering experience (under the supervision of a Professional Engineer if possible).

💼 Experience Breakdown:

Typically, the experience should include:

Design and Office Work (about 1 year) – engineering analysis, planning, design, reports.
Site/Practical Work (about 1 year) – implementation, supervision, commissioning.
Management/Professional Responsibility (about 1 year) – project management, safety, cost, ethics, sustainability.

💡 Keep a logbook or record of experience — this will help you write your training and experience report later.
🧠 3. Attend the Professional Interview (PI) Workshop
It’s highly recommended to attend a BEM- or IEM-approved workshop to understand the interview process, report format, and expectations.
✍️ 4. Apply for the Professional Assessment (Route A or B)
When you are ready and meet the requirements, you can apply for the Professional Assessment Examination (PAE) — commonly called the Professional Interview (PI).
There are two main routes:
Route Description
Route A For those with BEM-recognized degrees (EAC-accredited or Washington Accord)
Route B
For those with non-recognized degrees but accepted through assessment
📄 5. Prepare for the Professional Interview (PI)
The PI consists of:
(a) Submission of Reports
You must submit:
Training & Experience Report (detailing your 3 years of work)
Project Report (one key project you were directly involved in)
Summary Statement (linking your experience to core engineering competencies)
(b) Written Essay
Usually 2 questions:
One technical question related to your discipline.
One professional ethics question.
(c) Oral Interview
Conducted by a panel of Professional Engineers.
Focuses on your:
Engineering knowledge and problem-solving.
Code of ethics and professionalism.
Communication and attitude.
🏅 6. Get Certified as a Professional Engineer (Ir.)
Once you pass the Professional Assessment, you can apply to register as a Professional Engineer (P.Eng) with BEM.
You’ll receive:
The title “Ir.” (before your name).
A Professional Engineer Certificate.
⚙️ 7. Optional: Apply for Practising Certificate
If you intend to sign and submit engineering designs or drawings, you need a Practising Certificate (PEPC).
Requirements:
Hold P.Eng for at least 2 years.
Pass the Professional Competency Examination (PCE) (for those seeking to act as “Submitting Person” to local authorities).
📘 Summary Roadmap
Stage Description Duration
1 Register as Graduate Engineer (BEM) Immediately after degree
2 Gain 3 years of supervised engineering experience 3 years
3 Attend PI Workshop Before applying for PI
4 Submit PAE application (Route A or B) After 3 years
5 Sit for Professional Interview ~3–6 months after submission
6 Obtain P.Eng title (“Ir.”) After passing PI
7 Apply for Practising Certificate (optional) After 2 years as Ir.

Route	Description
Route A	For those with BEM-recognized degrees (EAC-accredited or Washington Accord)
Route B	For those with non-recognized degrees but accepted through assessment

Stage	Description	Duration
1	Register as Graduate Engineer (BEM)	Immediately after degree
2	Gain 3 years of supervised engineering experience	3 years
3	Attend PI Workshop	Before applying for PI
4	Submit PAE application (Route A or B)	After 3 years
5	Sit for Professional Interview	~3–6 months after submission
6	Obtain P.Eng title (“Ir.”)	After passing PI
7	Apply for Practising Certificate (optional)	After 2 years as Ir.

A step-by-step study and revision plan tailored for the BEM Professional Assessment (Route A, Mechanical Discipline)

Here’s a step-by-step study and revision plan tailored for the BEM Professional Assessment (Route A, Mechanical Discipline) — designed to help you prepare confidently and systematically.

🧭 1. Understand the Assessment Format

The Professional Assessment PAE consists of:

Essay Examination
- Essay questions on Code of Ethics.
Interview Session
- Conducted by a panel (usually 2 Professional Engineers).
- Focuses on your Training & Experience Report (TER) and Project Report (PR).
- May include a short oral presentation (10–15 mins) about your project.

📅 2. 4-Week Preparation Plan

Week 1: Foundation & Familiarization

Goal: Understand BEM requirements, structure, and your documents.

Read BEM Guidelines for Route A.
Review your Training & Experience Report (TER):
- Identify key engineering works (design, analysis, testing, etc.).
- Highlight challenges, innovations, and safety or ethics issues you encountered.
Review your Project Report (PR) in detail.
Study:
- Registration of Engineers Act 1967 (Revised 2015)
- BEM Code of Professional Conduct

✅ Deliverable:
Summarize your experience into 3–4 main projects you can confidently discuss.

Week 2: Technical Preparation

Goal: Strengthen your engineering fundamentals and applied knowledge.
Focus on:

Design principles (mechanical systems, HVAC, piping, pressure vessels, etc.)
Thermodynamics & Fluid Mechanics
Materials selection and failure analysis
Maintenance, safety, and reliability
Energy efficiency & sustainability

Do this:

List technical problems you solved in your work.
Prepare short case studies (Problem → Approach → Solution → Result).

✅ Deliverable:
Prepare short technical notes and possible essay outlines.

Week 3: Professionalism & Ethics

Goal: Prepare for professional/ethical essay and interview.
Study:

BEM Code of Conduct
Engineers Act 1967
Role & responsibility of an Ir. (Professional Engineer)
Topics like:
- Duty to society and client
- Conflict of interest
- Professional liability
- Sustainable development
- Public safety and environment

Practice answering ethical scenarios:

“If your superior instructs you to certify a design that doesn’t comply with standards, what will you do?”

✅ Deliverable:
Prepare 3–5 written responses to likely ethics questions.

Week 4: Mock Practice & Final Review

Goal: Simulate the real assessment and gain confidence.

Write an essay for code of ethics questions.
Present your Project Report summary in 10 minutes — practice explaining your engineering contribution.
Ask a senior Ir. or colleague to mock-interview you.
Revise all key points — don’t memorize; focus on logical explanations.

✅ Deliverable:
Final notes, essay drafts, and slides for your project presentation.

🎯 3. Key Tips for Success

Be clear and confident — focus on what you did, not what the company did.
Show your application of theory to practice.
Demonstrate responsibility, safety awareness, and ethical decision-making.
During essay writing:
- Structure as: Introduction → Analysis → Application → Conclusion
- Use real experiences to support your points.
  Here’s a comprehensive list of sample essay and interview questions for the BEM Professional Assessment (Route A – Mechanical Discipline), divided into Technical and Professional/Ethics sections.
  ⚙️ A. Technical Essay / Interview Questions
  These questions assess your ability to apply engineering knowledge, judgement, and experience.
  1. Design & Analysis
  - Describe a design project you were involved in. Explain the engineering principles you applied and how you ensured safety and reliability.
  - Explain how you determine design parameters such as load, stress, temperature, or pressure in your project.
  - What factors do you consider when selecting materials for mechanical components?
  - Describe how you validated or tested your design (e.g. simulation, prototype, field testing).
  2. Project Implementation
  - Explain your role in one of your major projects from start to completion.
  - Describe how you managed technical challenges or unexpected problems during project execution.
  - How do you ensure compliance with codes, standards (e.g. ASME, ISO, MS), and regulatory requirements?
  - Discuss how you ensured health, safety, and environmental (HSE) aspects in your work.
  3. Operation & Maintenance
  - Explain how you diagnose and troubleshoot mechanical system failures.
  - Describe preventive or predictive maintenance strategies you have implemented.
  - What key performance indicators (KPIs) do you use to measure system efficiency or reliability?
  4. Energy & Sustainability
  - How have you applied energy efficiency or sustainable engineering practices in your projects?
  - Describe a project where you improved system performance or reduced operational costs.
  5. Engineering Management
  - Explain how you managed your team and coordinated with multidisciplinary groups.
  - How did you ensure project cost, quality, and schedule were maintained?
  🧭 B. Professional & Ethics Essay / Interview Questions
  These test your understanding of professionalism, responsibility, and ethical judgement as an engineer.
  1. Professional Responsibility
  - What are the responsibilities of a Professional Engineer (Ir.) under the Registration of Engineers Act 1967?
  - Why is professional registration with BEM important?
  - What distinguishes a Professional Engineer from a Graduate Engineer?
  2. Code of Ethics & Conduct
  - If your superior instructs you to approve a design that you know is unsafe, what would you do?
  - A client offers you a personal gift after project completion. What is your response?
  - How do you handle conflict of interest situations?
  3. Public Safety & Environment
  - Explain how you balance cost-saving measures with public safety and environmental protection.
  - Describe a situation where you had to make a decision prioritizing safety over profit or schedule.
  4. Professional Practice
  - What is the role of a Professional Engineer in signing, supervising, and certifying mechanical works?
  - Discuss how continuing professional development (CPD) contributes to your career growth.
  5. Laws & Regulations
  - What is the difference between the Registration of Engineers Act and the Engineers Regulations?
  - Explain the disciplinary actions BEM can take against engineers who breach the Code of Conduct.
  🗣️ C. Tips for Answering During Interview
  - Structure your answers: Problem → Action → Result → Lesson Learned.
  - Always include numbers (e.g., system capacity, efficiency gain, cost savings) to show practical understanding.
  - Refer to standards or regulations (e.g., ASHRAE, ASME, MS1525, DOSH guidelines) where relevant.
  - Show your role clearly – what you contributed, not just your team or company.

Perlepasan cukai tahun 2025

Berdasarkan maklumat pelepasan cukai individu 2025 yang diberikan, berikut adalah analisis kesan terhadap jurutera di Malaysia:

1. Pelepasan Individu dan Pendidikan

Pelepasan Individu RM9,000 – memberi manfaat langsung kepada semua jurutera yang bekerja.
Pelepasan Yuran Pendidikan RM7,000 – amat relevan untuk jurutera yang melanjutkan pelajaran dalam program pascasiswazah atau kursus profesional untuk meningkatkan kelayakan.

2. Pembelian Rumah Pertama

Pelepasan Faedah Pinjaman Perumahan (RM5,000-RM7,000) – sangat membantu jurutera muda yang baru membeli rumah pertama, terutamanya dengan harga rumah sehingga RM750,000.

3. Pembangunan Profesional

Pelepasan Kursus Peningkatan Kemahiran (RM2,500) – penting untuk jurutera mengekalkan kompetensi dan mematuhi keperluan CPD (Continuous Professional Development).
Pelepasan Buku dan Majalah – menyokong pembelajaran berterusan dalam bidang kejuruteraan.

4. Peralatan Teknologi

Pelepasan Komputer dan Smartphone (RM2,500) – membantu jurutera memiliki peralatan terkini untuk kerja kejuruteraan seperti CAD, analisis data, dan pengaturcaraan.

5. Kesihatan dan Kesejahteraan

Pelepasan Peralatan Sukan (RM1,000) – penting untuk mengekalkan kesihatan dalam profesion yang sering mengalami tekanan tinggi.
Pemeriksaan Perubatan – membantu mengesan masalah kesihatan awal.

6. Keluarga dan Tanggungan

Pelepasan Anak (RM2,000-RM8,000) – membantu jurutera yang mempunyai tanggungan keluarga.
Pelepasan Penjagaan Anak (RM3,000) – relevan untuk jurutera yang mempunyai anak kecil.

7. Simpanan dan Pelaburan

Pelepasan EPF (RM4,000), PRS (RM3,000), SSPN (RM8,000) – menggalakkan penjimatan jangka panjang untuk persaraan.

Kesan Keseluruhan:

Pakej pelepasan cukai 2025 memberikan manfaat komprehensif kepada jurutera dari segi:

✅ Mengurangkan beban cukai
✅ Meningkatkan daya beli perumahan
✅ Menyokong pembangunan profesional berterusan
✅ Meningkatkan kesejahteraan hidup
✅ Menggalakkan perancangan kewangan jangka panjang

Ini secara tidak langsung akan meningkatkan daya tarikan profesion kejuruteraan dan mengekalkan bakat dalam negara.

Kenapa tak ramai yang tahu kelebihan menjadi ahli kepada The Institution of Engineers Malaysia (IEM)

Assalamualaikum. Kenapa ramai yang tidak tahu kelebihan menjadi ahli IEM? Sila klik —>https://irsukhairul.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/1758033618297.pdf

Monitor tenders through the system, address diesel cartel issues – UTM Study

SEPANG – Efforts to tackle the diesel fraud cartel by monopolizing tenders can be done if the procurement system is managed efficiently at every level.

Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Dr Shaziera Omar said that cartels or middlemen usually consist of high-ranking individuals in the organizations involved.

https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/748746/berita/semasa/pantau-tender-menerusi-sistem-tangani-isu-kartel-diesel—kajian-utmhttps://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/748746/berita/semasa/pantau-tender-menerusi-sistem-tangani-isu-kartel-diesel—kajian-utm

𝗧𝗼𝘆𝗼𝘁𝗮’𝘀 𝗛𝗶𝗱𝗱𝗲𝗻 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗴𝘁𝗵: 𝟵𝟱% 𝗼𝗳 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗳𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝗗𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗽𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁

Why can’t other automakers surpass Toyota despite mastering its production system?

Since 1980s, manufacturers worldwide have benchmarked Toyota Production System (TPS). Production lead times now match Toyota’s, and TPS elements became global standards.
Yet Toyota maintains overwhelming advantage. Why?

𝗦𝗮𝗸𝗮𝗶’𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗸𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆
Takao Sakai reveals:
“95% 𝘰𝘧 𝘛𝘰𝘺𝘰𝘵𝘢’𝘴 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘵𝘴 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘥𝘦𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘵 𝘥𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘭𝘰𝘱𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘱𝘩𝘢𝘴𝘦, 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯.”

This challenges everything we thought about Toyota’s success.
Toyota’s philosophy: “𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗿, 𝗾𝘂𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗴.”

-𝗧𝗣𝗗 (𝗧𝗼𝘆𝗼𝘁𝗮 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁 𝗗𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗽𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁) creates “sellable products”
-𝗧𝗣𝗦 handles “producing efficiently”

Since 1970, TPD’s profit contribution exceeded TPS. By late 1980s, Toyota achieved 48-month development lead times—12 months shorter than competitors, developing twice as many models with half the engineering hours. The Prius’s 12-month development exemplified this mastery.

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝟵𝟱% 𝗥𝘂𝗹𝗲: 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗻 𝗗𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗘𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆𝘁𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗴
Toyota’s Chief Engineers are “product presidents” responsible for consumer value, profit margins, and the technology to realize both—like Steve Jobs, designers in the broadest sense.

Sakai’s key insight:
Value and cost are determined in early design stages. Later changes become impossible—like changing Christmas dinner after chopping ingredients.

Companies like Sharp (acquired by Foxconn) and Toshiba (accounting scandals) lost humility to learn, mirroring American auto industry’s decline. Jeffrey Liker identified Toyota’s advantage: treating development as a standardized process with PDCA cycles and waste elimination.

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗨𝗹𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗟𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗻
Prius chief engineer Takeshi Uchiyamada brought all teams together in “Obeya” for transparency and speed—contributing to 12-month development success.

Old Mikawa* saying: “Making things that don’t sell is a crime.”

𝗦𝗮𝗸𝗮𝗶’𝘀 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗹𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻:
𝗧𝗣𝗦 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝗧𝗣𝗗 𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗱𝘀 𝗻𝗼𝘄𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗲. When 95% of profits are determined before production begins, real competitive advantage lies in superior product development systems, not manufacturing efficiency.

𝗤𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗿𝗲𝗳𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻:
-What percentage of your organization’s resources and leadership attention goes to product development versus production optimization?
-Are you designing tomorrow’s success or just perfecting yesterday’s processes?

*Mikawa: historical region in eastern Aichi Prefecture where Toyota is headquartered

Adakah di negara China mereka memandang penting adanya pangkat atau gelaran seperti Ir, Dr, Ts, Professor, Dato or Tan Sri?

Di China, cara orang melihat pangkat atau gelaran agak berbeza berbanding di Malaysia. Secara umum:

Akademik & Profesional
- Gelaran Dr. (博士, bóshì) untuk PhD memang dihormati, tapi penggunaan dalam kehidupan seharian tak seformal di Malaysia. Biasanya hanya dipakai dalam konteks akademik, penyelidikan, atau rasmi.
- Gelaran Professor (教授, jiàoshòu) sangat dihormati dalam dunia akademik, dan statusnya tinggi, hampir sama dengan di negara lain.
- Gelaran profesional seperti Ir. (jurutera bertauliah) atau Ts. (teknologis) tidak digunakan di China. Jurutera dipanggil 工程师 (gōngchéngshī), tapi lebih kepada jawatan pekerjaan, bukan gelaran rasmi depan nama.
Pangkat Kehormat / Sosial
- Gelaran seperti Dato’ atau Tan Sri (yang wujud di Malaysia kerana sistem anugerah diraja) tiada dalam budaya China.
- Yang lebih penting ialah jawatan rasmi dalam kerajaan/parti. Contohnya, “书记” (shūjì, Setiausaha Parti), “局长” (júzhǎng, Ketua Jabatan), “部长” (bùzhǎng, Menteri). Orang lebih dihormati kerana kedudukan politik atau pentadbiran berbanding gelaran kehormat.
Budaya Harian
- Dalam urusan sosial dan kerja, orang di China lebih biasa memanggil seseorang dengan jawatan (职位) atau hubungan kerja, contohnya: “张总” (Zhāng Zǒng = Pengarah Zhang), “李经理” (Lǐ Jīnglǐ = Pengurus Li).
- Jadi, hormat datang daripada jawatan semasa dan pengaruh, bukan sangat daripada gelaran kehormat macam di Malaysia.

📌 Kesimpulan:
Di China, mereka memang menghargai gelaran akademik seperti Dr. atau Professor, tapi gelaran profesional macam Ir./Ts. dan kehormatan seperti Dato’/Tan Sri tidak ada nilai budaya di sana. Yang lebih penting ialah jawatan rasmi dalam kerajaan, parti, atau syarikat.

Jenis Gelaran / Pangkat	Malaysia	China
Akademik (Dr., Professor)	Sangat dihormati, selalu digunakan dalam urusan rasmi & sosial.	Dihormati, tapi lebih digunakan dalam bidang akademik/rasmi, jarang dalam kehidupan seharian.
Profesional (Ir., Ts.)	Ada pengiktirafan rasmi, digunakan depan nama sebagai status profesional.	Tiada gelaran setara; hanya disebut sebagai jawatan (工程师 = jurutera).
Kehormat (Dato’, Tan Sri, Tun)	Sangat berprestij, jadi tanda status sosial & dihormati dalam masyarakat.	Tiada sistem anugerah sebegini; penghormatan lebih pada kedudukan politik atau pentadbiran.
Jawatan Politik / Kerajaan	Dihormati, tapi anugerah kehormat lebih menyerlah dalam masyarakat.	Sangat penting; status utama datang daripada jawatan rasmi (书记, 部长, 局长, 总).
Panggilan dalam urusan kerja	Biasanya ikut gelaran rasmi (Ir., Dr., Dato’).	Biasanya ikut jawatan + nama keluarga, contoh: 张总 (Pengarah Zhang), 李经理 (Pengurus Li).
Budaya Sosial	Gelaran kehormat & profesional dianggap sebahagian identiti.	Gelaran akademik/jawatan rasmi lebih penting; status sosial banyak ditentukan oleh kedudukan & pengaruh.

Ringkasnya:

Malaysia = Gelaran kehormat & profesional sangat ditekankan.
China = Jawatan & kedudukan semasa lebih dihormati daripada gelaran.

Saya buatkan contoh situasi real-life untuk banding cara Malaysia vs China memperkenalkan seseorang dalam majlis rasmi.

Situasi 1: Seminar Akademik

Malaysia:
“Dengan segala hormatnya, saya menjemput Profesor Ir. Dr. Ahmad, FASc, sebagai penceramah utama kita hari ini.”
👉 Semua gelaran disebut kerana melambangkan pencapaian & status.
China:
“我们有幸邀请到北京大学的张教授为我们主讲。” (Kami berbesar hati menjemput Profesor Zhang dari Universiti Peking untuk memberi ucapan.)
👉 Hanya gelaran akademik/jawatan disebut, tidak panjang berjela.

Situasi 2: Majlis Korporat

Malaysia:
“Terimalah ucapan alu-aluan daripada Yang Berbahagia Dato’ Sri Ir. Haji Mohd Ali, Pengarah Urusan Syarikat XYZ.”
👉 Semua gelaran & anugerah kehormat digunakan sebelum jawatan.
China:
“下面有请张总致辞。” (Seterusnya, kita menjemput Pengarah Zhang memberi ucapan.)
👉 Ringkas, biasanya hanya nama keluarga + jawatan (总 = General Manager/Pengarah).

Situasi 3: Mesyuarat Rasmi Kerajaan

Malaysia:
“Yang Amat Berhormat Perdana Menteri, Dato’ Seri Anwar Ibrahim…”
👉 Protokol rasmi penuh dengan gelaran.
China:
“国务院总理李强同志…” (Perdana Menteri Majlis Negeri, Li Qiang, Comrade…)
👉 Fokus pada jawatan rasmi, tambah “同志” (tóngzhì = rakan seperjuangan/komrad) sebagai panggilan formal.

📌 Kesimpulan:

Malaysia suka highlight semua gelaran (akademik + profesional + kehormat).
China lebih straight to the point, hanya guna jawatan + nama keluarga, gelaran kehormat hampir tiada.

Saya senaraikan pantang larang & protokol bila berurusan dengan orang China, khususnya dalam mesyuarat, perniagaan, atau majlis rasmi:

Apa yang Patut Dibuat (Do’s)

Guna nama keluarga + jawatan
- Contoh: 张总 (Zhāng Zǒng = Pengarah Zhang), 李经理 (Lǐ Jīnglǐ = Pengurus Li).
- Mereka lebih suka dipanggil ikut jawatan + nama keluarga daripada nama penuh.
Guna “Profesor” atau “Doktor” hanya bila relevan
- Dalam majlis akademik: 张教授 (Profesor Zhang), 王博士 (Dr. Wang).
- Jangan campur terlalu banyak gelaran, cukup satu yang sesuai.
Gunakan perkataan “您” (nín) bila bercakap secara sopan
- Ini versi hormat untuk “anda” berbanding “你” (nǐ).
Hormat senioriti & kedudukan
- Paling senior/berjawatan tinggi biasanya duduk atau bercakap dahulu.
- Pastikan susunan tempat duduk ikut hierarki.
Beri kad nama dengan dua tangan
- Letakkan kad nama dengan tulisan Cina menghadap penerima.
- Terima kad nama dengan dua tangan, baca sekejap, baru simpan.

Apa yang Perlu Dielakkan (Don’ts)

Jangan panggil nama kecil (given name) secara langsung
- Contoh: memanggil “Wei” sahaja dianggap terlalu rapat/kurang sopan.
- Kecuali dia sendiri minta.
Jangan guna gelaran Barat secara berlebihan
- Contoh: “Dr. Prof. Mr. Li” — pelik & tak sesuai.
Elakkan panggilan macam “Dato’, Tan Sri”
- Mereka tiada sistem ini, jadi kurang difahami & tak beri impak.
Jangan hulur kad nama atau hadiah dengan sebelah tangan
- Itu dianggap kurang sopan.
Jangan letak kedudukan individu lebih rendah daripada status sebenar
- Contoh: tersalah susun tempat duduk, letak pengarah di belakang staf bawahan.

Kesimpulan ringkas:

Malaysia: lebih formal dengan gelaran penuh (Dato’, Ir., Dr., dsb).
China: lebih formal dengan jawatan + nama keluarga, bukan gelaran kehormat.

🧭 1. Meet the Basic Requirements

✅ Requirements:

📋 Action:

🧱 2. Gain Practical Experience

⏱ Duration:

💼 Experience Breakdown:

🧠 3. Attend the Professional Interview (PI) Workshop

✍️ 4. Apply for the Professional Assessment (Route A or B)

There are two main routes:

📄 5. Prepare for the Professional Interview (PI)

(a) Submission of Reports

(b) Written Essay

(c) Oral Interview

🏅 6. Get Certified as a Professional Engineer (Ir.)

You’ll receive:

⚙️ 7. Optional: Apply for Practising Certificate

Requirements:

📘 Summary Roadmap

🧭 1. Understand the Assessment Format

📅 2. 4-Week Preparation Plan

Week 1: Foundation & Familiarization

Week 2: Technical Preparation

Week 3: Professionalism & Ethics

Week 4: Mock Practice & Final Review

🎯 3. Key Tips for Success

⚙️ A. Technical Essay / Interview Questions

1. Design & Analysis

2. Project Implementation

3. Operation & Maintenance

4. Energy & Sustainability

5. Engineering Management

🧭 B. Professional & Ethics Essay / Interview Questions

1. Professional Responsibility

2. Code of Ethics & Conduct

3. Public Safety & Environment

4. Professional Practice

5. Laws & Regulations

🗣️ C. Tips for Answering During Interview